Spina bifida
Spina bifida
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Frequently Asked Questions :
1. What is Spina Bifida?
Spina Bifida is a neural tube defect where the spinal column does not close completely during fetal development.
2. How is Spina Bifida treated?
Treatment often involves surgical intervention, physical therapy, and ongoing medical care to manage symptoms.
3. Can Spina Bifida be prevented?
Taking folic acid supplements before and during pregnancy can significantly reduce the risk of Spina Bifida.
About Spina Bifida
Spina Bifida is a congenital defect that occurs when the spine and surrounding protective tissues do not form properly during fetal development. This condition can lead to physical and neurological challenges. It’s crucial for parents and caregivers to understand the implications of Spina Bifida to ensure timely medical intervention and support.
Causes of Spina Bifida
The exact cause of Spina Bifida is not fully understood. However, several factors may contribute to its development, including:
- Genetic Factors: A family history of neural tube defects increases the risk.
- Nutritional Deficiencies: Lack of folic acid before and during pregnancy is a significant risk factor.
- Environmental Factors: Certain medications, diabetes, obesity, and exposure to harmful substances during pregnancy can elevate the risk.
- Other Medical Conditions: Maternal health issues may play a role in the development of this condition.
Types of Spina Bifida
There are three main types of Spina Bifida:
- Spina Bifida Occulta: The mildest form, where the spinal cord is intact but a defect exists in the bony encasement.
- Meningocele: In this type, the protective membranes of the spinal cord protrude through the defect, forming a sac filled with fluid.
- Myelomeningocele: The most severe form, where the spinal cord and nerves are exposed, leading to significant disability.
Symptoms of Spina Bifida
Symptoms can vary widely depending on the type and severity of Spina Bifida. Common symptoms include:
- Physical disabilities (varying levels of mobility impairment)
- Difficulty with bowel and bladder control
- Learning disabilities
- Sensory issues, such as loss of feeling in the legs
- Hydrocephalus (accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid)
Diagnosis of Spina Bifida
Spina Bifida is typically diagnosed during prenatal screening through:
- Ultrasound: Detects physical abnormalities in the fetus.
- Maternal Blood Tests: Elevated levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) can indicate the presence of neural tube defects.
- Amniocentesis: This test can confirm the presence of neural tube defects by analyzing the amniotic fluid.
Treatment for Spina Bifida
The treatment for Spina Bifida depends on the type and severity of the condition. Common treatment options include:
- Surgical Interventions: Surgery may be performed shortly after birth to close the defect and prevent infection.
- Physical Therapy: Helps improve mobility and strength.
- Medication: To manage associated symptoms like hydrocephalus.
- Ongoing Care: Regular monitoring and therapy to address developmental and educational needs.
Cost of Treatment and Stay in India
The cost of treating Spina Bifida in India varies based on the type of treatment and hospital facilities. Generally, the cost can range from INR 1,00,000 to INR 5,00,000 or more, depending on the complexity of care required. Additionally, the length of stay in the hospital may vary from a few days to several weeks.